Over many years of beer drinking;
four decades to be
precise, I’ve often pondered the question of
“What is the ideal strength for a
beer?” Strength, or alcoholic content to be precise, depends of course on the
type of beer; but whilst
strong ales, barley wines, quadrupels, Doppelbocks and
Imperial Stouts
all have their place, so do light, low-strength
“quaffing beers”, especially on
a hot summer’s day.
For the purpose of this discussion I am talking primarily about
mid-strength beers; those you would be happy to have a session on in the local
pub or bar. When I first started drinking the strength of a beer was treated
almost as classified information. Brewers were not obliged by law to disclose
the alcohol content of their beers, so therefore chose not to. This might seem
unbelievable to today’s drinkers, but it’s a fact.
Of course seasoned drinkers instinctively knew which beers
were stronger than others, and it didn’t take that much gumption to realise
that a
pale ale was stronger than a
light ale, a
best or
special bitter was
stronger than an
ordinary bitter. Terms such as
Export also indicated a higher
or premium strength beer, but in terms of alcohol by volume, no-one had much of
a clue. I certainly didn’t, and like most drinkers of the time, as long as the
beer tasted OK, that was fine by me.
It took the efforts of organisations such as CAMRA, along
with those of the Consumers’ Organisation, to change things. The figures published
initially, related to Original Gravity (OG); basically a measure of the amount
of fermentable material present in a beer PRIOR to fermentation. The higher the
OG, the stronger, in theory, the end product, but this depends on the degree of
attenuation (how much of the malt sugars present in the wort, are converted
into alcohol during the fermentation process).
Whilst Original Gravity is a useful indicator of strength, a
much more accurate and reliable indicator is that of
alcohol by volume (ABV);
and that is the system in use today across much of the world. Even the
Americans appear to have adopted it, after ditching their previous measure of
alcohol by weight.
It now seems inconceivable that this information was not
available to previous generations of drinkers, and it is good to know that
CAMRA played a leading role in bringing this issue to the fore.
So on to the question of the “ideal strength”. The
conclusion I have reached after 40 years enjoyment of beer, is an ABV
in the region of 4.0 – 5.0%. There are many beers either side of this band
which are both good and enjoyable, but when it comes to quaffability, those beers
much above 5.5% are more for sipping than for quaffing, whilst those at 3.5% or
below, tend to be thin and lacking in body.
I cut my teeth drinking the latter type of beers, in
particular the late and much lamented
Fremlins Bitter (3.5%) and
Shepherd Neame
Master Brew (3.7%). I later enjoyed beers such as
Boddingtons and
Young’s
Ordinary; both in the same strength range. This was because, back in the late
1970’s-early 1980’s, there weren’t many beers in the
UK (certainly on draught)
in the upper 4 percent bracket, and with a few honourable exceptions
(Fuller’s
ESB, Ruddle’s County, St Austell Hick’s Special Draught), virtually nothing in
the mid five percent range.
The strange thing is that most continental beers (especially
Pilsner-type ones), are brewed to a strength of around
5.0% ABV;
in fact this figure is very much the
European norm for your average quaffing
beer. It may seem incredible now, but like the non-disclosure of strength, a
beer with an ABV of five percent was
considered too strong for
British tastes; so much so that when, in the late
1960’s,
Whitbread began brewing
Heineken under licence, a special lower
strength version was brewed for the
UK market.
The Dutch company took a lot of convincing that a version of
their beer, with a strength of around 3.4%, would sell in the UK; especially as
the rest of the world took the normal 5.0% beer, and it took the intervention
of no lesser person than Colonel Whitbread to convince Freddy Heineken that
British drinkers just weren’t used to five percent beers.
Following
Whitbread’s success with
Heineken, other large UK
brewers started producing low strength versions of famous continental brands.
Drinkers were therefore treated to three percent
“copies” of
Carlsberg and
Tuborg to go with the home-grown
3.4% Harp – introduced by
Guinness in
consortium with a number of other UK
brewers.
Anyone who remembers these
“bastardised” Continental
“lagers” will recall they tasted like
“gnat’s piss”; small wonder that the
habit of adding a
shot of lime (Lager and Lime), or a dash of
lemonade (Lager
Top), was popular with many drinkers. It wasn’t until I embarked on a round
Europe train trip; a journey which took in
Holland, Denmark
and
Germany
amongst other countries), that I discovered lager could actually be enjoyable!
Back home and
British beers were slowly increasing in
strength. The welcome increase in sales of beers such as
Fuller’s ESB and
Ruddle’s County, following favourable publicity from
CAMRA regarding their strength,
spawned a whole range of higher strength beers.
For example,
Eldridge Pope introduced the higher strength
Royal
Oak, whilst
Courage brought back the legendary, but
virtually extinct,
Director’s Bitter. Allied Breweries response was a new beer
in the form of
Draught Burton Ale; essentially a cask version of bottled
Double
Diamond.
It is interesting that following the successful marketing of
proper strength versions of well-known international brands, such as Carlsberg,
Heineken and Stella Artois
(re-assuringly expensive!), that 4.0% brands such as Carling and Fosters should
prove so popular. Now we have four percent versions of Becks and Stella,
proving that perhaps Colonel Whitbread was right after all!
My favourite four percent beer is Harvey’s Sussex Best;
undeniably a classic and one of the best quaffing beers available, with a
perfect blend of sweet juicy malt and dry earthy hops. Equally my favourite
quaffing lager is Pilsner Urquell; a 4.3 % beer with a base of slightly
caramelised malt, resulting from the triple decoction mash used in the brewing
process, combined with the finest Saaz aroma hops from the Zatec region of the Czech
Republic.
As I mentioned earlier, beers much above
5.5% ABV
tend to be less for quaffing and more for sipping, and I find there really is a
definite dividing line above this strength. For example, the bottled version of
Fuller’s ESB, which weighs in at
5.9%, tastes sweet and slightly cloying
compared to the draught version which is just 0.4% weaker at
5.5%. Similarly,
the
6.0% beers produced by most of the large
Munich brewers for
Oktoberfest,
also taste heavy and sweet (you can also taste the alcohol), especially when
compared to the normal
5.0% Helles beers, available for the rest of the year.
The advent of “craft beer” has led to even
stronger beers, with the Americans taking things to ridiculous levels with
their nine or ten percent Double or even Triple IPA’s, to say nothing of their
Imperial Stouts. I might enjoy the odd glass of these super-strength "hop-monsters",
but they are not really suited for a session in a pub!
In the end it’s all about horses for courses, but for me,
anything between four and five percent is just about right.